Worker in the Tsukiji fish market, Tokyo. While fisheries are considered renewable resources, overfishing has depleted fish and other seafood in many places and is a major threat to aquatic biodiversity.
Algae play an important ecological role in many countries, not only as human food but also as fodder for cattle, as fertilizer, and as a raw material for certain industries. According to NMFS, cod stocks on Georges Bank and the Gulf of Maine are rebuilding to target levels, and the Gulf of Maine stock is no longer considered overfished. Most of these animals are legally regarded as fish in many countries. Seaweed is harvested in the water or collected on the seashore. Commercial fishing can be done in a simple manner with small vessels, little technical equipment, and little or no mechanization as in small local, traditional, or artisanal fisheries. In the early 21st century about 250 million people were directly employed by the commercial fishing industry, and an estimated one billion people depended on fish as their primary source of animal protein. Fishing is one of the oldest employments of humankind. It can also be done on a large scale with powerful deep-sea vessels and sophisticated mechanical equipment similar to that of other modern industrial enterprises. Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Commercial fishing licences. Fishing is one of the oldest employments of humankind. Both algae and animals are taken from the sea.
Other aquatic animals that may be the object of commercial fishery include, most notably, crustaceans (lobsters, spiny lobsters, crabs, prawns, shrimps, crayfish) and mollusks (oysters, scallops, mussels, snails, squid, octopuses). This has led to an increase in cod populations. Editor of.
Historically, cod was so abundant off New England that early explorers named Cape Cod for the fish.
Herring and related species and tuna and their relatives are examples of pelagic fish.
Fisheries are classified in part by type of water: fresh water—lake, river, and pond—and salt water—inshore, mid-water, and deep sea. Now, for the first time ever, federal fisheries managers are shutting down the lucrative fishery because of low stock. This article discusses organized fishing for profit, with an emphasis on mechanized industrial methods, gear, and vessels.
Fishing for beluga sturgeon in the Volga River, Volgograd, Russia. Commercial fishing is now carried on in all types of waters, in all parts of the world, except where impeded by depth or dangerous currents or prohibited by law. In addition, the use of less-selective fishing gear, such as gillnets or bottom trawls, results in substantial bycatch (the incidental catch of non-target species); some estimates state that bycatch may amount to as much as 40 percent of the global catch. These ventures were limited at first to the lakes and rivers, but as boats and fishing devices were improved, humans ventured into sheltered coastal areas and river mouths and eventually farther out onto the continental shelves, the relatively shallow ocean plains between the land and the deeper ocean areas. Multi-year management plans | Notices, variations and decisions | Stock status and research documents | Statistics and reports | Maps | Consultations | Contacts. For angling, or recreational fishing, see the article fishing.
The history and methods of whaling, which is less fishing than the hunting of an aquatic mammal, are discussed separately in the article whaling. Catch Certification Audit Office, Fisheries Certificate System and European Union regulations. Get kids back-to-school ready with Expedition: Learn! Two types of fish are caught: demersal, living at or near the bottom, although sometimes in mid-water; and pelagic, living in the open sea near the surface. Fishing licences from the National Online Licensing System, licensing forms and regional contacts.
Both demersal and pelagic fish can sometimes be found far from coastal regions. Certain mammals (whales, porpoises), reptiles (serpents, crocodiles), amphibians (frogs), many types of worms, coelenterates (coral, jellyfish), and sponges are also sought in commercial fishing. Exporting and importing fish. Learn about the history of commercial fishing, equipment and facilities, and the main types of fisheries. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. Cod, haddock, hake, pollock, and all forms of flatfish are common demersal fish. Fishing technology continued to develop throughout history, employing improved and larger ships, more sophisticated fishing equipment, and various food preservation methods. Gulf of Alaska cod have been in steep decline due to rising ocean temperatures. The commercial cod catch has decreased greatly since the 1990s due to strict regulations on cod fishing. Fishing for anchovies off the coast of Peru. Another classification is based on the object—as in whaling, salmon fishing, and sponge fishing. Sometimes fisheries are classified according to the method of fishing employed: harpooning, seining, trawling, and lining. The sustainable management of fisheries is key to both the health of aquatic ecosystems and the continued productivity of commercial fishing. Various algae are commercially obtained in both seawater and fresh water. In the United Kingdom, Atlantic cod is one of the most common kinds of fish to be found in fish and chips, along with haddock and plaice.
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