PLoS ONE 7:e33515. (2014). Front. 0000397878 00000 n Dispersant and salinity effects on weathering and acute toxicity of South Louisiana crude oil. Toxicol. (1999). J. That’s the same weight as over 10 million Asian elephants! Jay, S. (2010). doi: 10.3354/meps09400, Tittensor, D. P., Baco, A. R., Brewin, P. E., Clark, M. R., Consalvey, M., Rogers, J., et al. Hartman, S. E., Lampitt, R. S., Larkin, K. E., Pagnani, M., Campbell, J., Lankester, T., et al. Oil-field infrastructure can also provide hard substratum for colonization by benthic invertebrates, including scleractinian corals and octocorals (Hall, 2001; Sammarco et al., 2004; Gass and Roberts, 2006; Larcom et al., 2014). Prog. Placement of infrastructure on the seafloor, such as anchors and pipelines, will directly disturb the seabed and cause a transient increase in local sedimentation. 319, 43–54. In the absence of direct seabed mapping, habitat suitability models have been used in attempts to predict the occurrence of species/habitats of interest. doi: 10.4319/lom.2013.11.304, Vierod, A. D., Guinotte, J. M., and Davies, A. J. The greatest risk to the marine environment comes from an uncontrolled release of hydrocarbons from the reservoir, known as a blowout (Johansen et al., 2003). While all of these examples represent accidental discharges, the frequency at which they occur in offshore waters suggests that they can be expected during “typical” operations. Additional data can be derived from historical data (e.g., museums and biogeographic databases such as OBIS and GBIF) or bycatch from trawl fisheries (Ardron et al., 2014). Marine snow formation in the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. However, even beyond the area of observable cuttings piles, quantitative changes in meiofaunal abundance and community composition have been observed (Montagna and Harper, 1996; Netto et al., 2009). Environ. Mar. At the most basic level, experimental work has shown that increased temperature generally increases the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons and other compounds (Cairns et al., 1975; Tatem et al., 1978), which suggests that the ecological impacts that have been recorded to date may expand in magnitude and distance as climate change proceeds. Mar. Ser. Insights into the population dynamics of the deep-sea coral genus Paramuricea in the Gulf of Mexico. If the ROV surveys reveal high-density chemosynthetic or coral communities, the operator is required to report their occurrence and submit copies of the images to BOEM for review. B. It is also in the best interests of scientists, managers, and industry alike to arrive at a common, global standard for deep-water environmental protection across EEZs, and it is our hope that this review represents a first step in this direction toward the integrated and comprehensive conservation of vulnerable deep-sea ecosystems. Since 1986, the US Department of the Interior has approved over 400 “Rigs-to-Reefs” proposals (Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement).
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