The Russian Orthodox Church is the dominant Christian denomination in Kazakhstan. In certain important ministries, such as Justice, Foreign Affairs, Interior, Defense, and Finance, the proportion of non-Kazakhs is now estimated at less than 10 percent. At the same time, an estimated 500,000 Russians have left Kazakhstan in the two years since independence. Yet in practice the population has broad access via cable to Russian and local Russophone media, which attempt to circumvent the language laws. These sentiments are fueled by the fact that in east and north are majority are Russians. Ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan have been pressing the Kazakh government to grant them autonomy. Official figures indicate that in the first half of 1994 some 220,400 people left, compared with 149,800 in the same period of 1993.
Yeltsin had to reckon with Nazarbayev's position that dual citizenship may split the republic because the majority of population in North Kazakhstan would be foreign (Russian) citizens who might hold a referendum on the secession of this region from Kazakhstan and its joining Russia.
Kazakhs were increasingly caught in the middle between the Kalmyks and the Russians. [11] These and other grievances were major causes of the massive emigration of Russians from Kazakhstan that took place in the 1990s. At the time of Kazakhstan’s independence in 1991, Russians outnumbered Kazakhs. In 1730 Abul Khayr, one of the khans of the Lesser Horde, sought Russian assistance against the stronger Kalmyks, and the Russians in exchange for help gained permanent control of the Lesser Horde as a result of his decision. Nazarbayev was quick to describe the incident as "criminal" and not political. Russians of Kazakhstan together with other ethnic groups of the region suffered heavily during the Russian Civil War and Collectivisation in the USSR and endured repeated famines and unrest. Many Russians interpreted this as an attempt to promote Kazakh domination of the state at the expense of Russian influence. As of 2018, ethnic Kazakhs are 67.5% of the population and ethnic Russians in Kazakhstan are 19.8%. Baltic’s states are under EU and NATO protection. There has been a substantial population of Russians in Kazakhstan since the 19th century.
Kazakhstan is plunged into a constitutional crisis when the President disbanded parliament on the basis of a ruling by a constitutional court that parliamentary elections a year ago were flawed and that the parliament was therefore illegal. Although their numbers have been reduced since the breakup of the Soviet Union, they remain prominent in Kazakh society today. Only half of the members of the Assembly of the Peoples actually work in minority cultural centers; the rest are civil servants responsible for nationality issues. During the visit of Nazarbayev to Moscow in late March, a package of 23 Russo-Kazakh agreements was signed by the two countries. Although their numbers have been reduced since the breakup of the Soviet Union, they remain prominent in Kazakh society today. One Russian told the Washington Post, “They’re closing Russian schools and forcing Russian children to go to schools in shifts, in already overcrowded classrooms with inferior equipment. There were protests against the legislation in the predominantly Slav city of Ust-Kamenogorsk; Kazakh nationalists, considering the declaration too weak, also expressed their disapproval. In spite of real progress, the authorities admit to lacking sufficient qualified cadres capable of speaking only in Kazakh without switching to Russian.”, Kazakh Versus Russian Languages in Kazakhstan.
Ethnic Russians believe that Gunin was arrested because he is a Russian activist and Kazakh authorities want to prevent him from running for parliament.
In the first half of the 1990s, departing Russians came principally from the southern and western areas of the country, where residents are mainly ethnic Kazakhs. Any views expressed are solely those of the author or publisher and do not necessarily reflect those of UNHCR, the United Nations or its Member States. Источник: http://e-history.kz/ru/contents/view/1269 © e-history.kz, "Ethnic composition: 1970 census (data for regions)", "Ethnic composition: 1979 census (data for regions)", "Ethnic composition: 1989 census (data for regions)", "Ethnic composition: 1999 census (data for regions)", "Ethnic composition: 2009 census (data for regions)", Russian 'separatists' highlight ethnic tensions, Institute for Central Asian and Caucasian Studies. The Kazakh Khanate, was a successor of the Golden Horde existing from the 15th to 19th century, located roughly on the territory of the present-day Republic of Kazakhstan. At that point, fewer than 5 percent of Russians could speak Kazakh, although the majority of Kazakhs could speak Russian. Russians are the largest minority in Kazakhstan. More came to work in gulags, mines and factories. But Russian exoduses and relatively high Kazakh birthrates have changed that.
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