The city was founded as Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) by Greek colonists from Miletos in the 6th century BC. Khvalkov E.", "Il progetto coloniale genovese sul Mar Nero, la dinamica della migrazione latina a Caffa e la gente catalanoaragonese, siciliana e sarda nel Medio Evo", "Società Messinese di Storia Patria. Plague isn’t always transmitted by fleas. In: Studi Piemontesi. The Genoese involved themselves in the dispute, and the Tatar notables who favored the losing candidate finally asked Mehmed to settle the dispute. During this period, Kaffa continued to thrive as a major trading post and strategic centre for east-west commerce. It has beaches, mineral springs, and mud baths, sanatoria, and rest homes. Along that network there were various stops—villages, towns … Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Today, Feodosiya is a popular sea and health resort—with numerous beaches, mineral springs, and mud baths—as well as a coastal and fishing port and a rail terminus. While most beaches in Crimea are made of pebbles, there is a unique Golden Beach (Zolotoy Plyazh) made of small seashells in the Feodosiya area. The Black Death – a combination of bubonic, septicemic, and pneumonic plague (and also possibly a strain of murrain) – had been gaining momentum in the East since at least 1322 CE and, by c. 1343 CE, had infected the troops of the Mongol Golden Horde under the command of the Khan Djanibek (r. 1342-1357 CE) who was besieging the Italian-held city of Caffa (modern-day Feodosia in … 623–628. The great medieval traveler and author Ibn Baṭṭūṭah reported that Kaffa was “one of the world’s most celebrated ports.” Kaffa nevertheless fell in 1475 to the khan of Crimea, an ally of the Turks, who sometimes called it Kuchuk-Stambul (Little Stambul or Constantinople) or Krym-Stambul (Stambul of Crimea). [unbalanced opinion?] As bad luck would have it, the route also brought travelers in close proximity to what some researchers point to as a source for a particularly dangerous disease. - pp. An early 14th-century bishop of Caffa appears in Umberto Eco's novel The Name of the Rose, making several sharp replies in a long, tempestuous debate within a group of monks and clerics; he is portrayed as aggressive and somewhat narrow-minded. P. 237-240. READ MORE: The Black Death: A Timeline of the Gruesome Pandemic. After a protracted siege during which the Mongol army under Janibeg was reportedly withering from the disease, they catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls, infecting the inhabitants, in one of the first cases of biological warfare. The city’s richly diverse population reportedly reached 80,000. Like the rest of Crimea, this place (village) fell under the domination of the Kipchaks and was conquered by the Mongols in the 1230s. 237–240. For other uses, see. In the late 13th century, traders from the Republic of Genoa arrived and purchased the city from the ruling Golden Horde. “Genoese or Venetians left Kaffa by boat, infected Constantinople and Athens as they made their way to Sicily and Venice and Genoa. He was at no loss for a pretext to extinguish this last Genoese colony on the Black sea. Additionally, there were overland caravan routes from the East that would have been carrying the disease into Europe as well.[10][11]. Noted for its rich agricultural lands, on which its trade depended, it was destroyed by the Huns in the 4th century AD. The overland portion of the Silk Road was actually a set of paths that split and reconnected across the steppes of Central Asia, almost like the blood vessels of the human body or the veins in plant leaves. [15] A witness interviewed by Yahad-In Unum described how the Jews were rounded-up in the city: "Posters announced that the Jews had to go to jail with food reserves for three days because they will be taken to Israel. Vol. It can also be spread when someone expels the bacteria through coughing or sneezing. The city was founded as Theodosia (Θεοδοσία) by Greek colonists from Miletos in the 6th century BC. Popular tourist locations include the Aivazovsky National Art Gallery and the Genoese fortress. “I think a good argument can be made that [Black Death] hit at a time when the health of the poor was compromised by the stress of famines, poverty and the very nature of serfdom,” Welford says. Over the next few days the Ottomans proceeded to extract the wealth of the inhabitants, and abduct 1,500 youths for service in the Sultan's palace. The Genoese wrested control over Kaffa from the Golden Horde in 1266.
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