"exploded hexagon"), Often text tables can replace graphs for simple data; you can also use 2D text tables,
The data grid itself may be the data, revealing both the values and the coordinate
In this table above, the medians are based on at least 20 statistical graphics and at least one full issue of each publication. We present information in a graphical fashion quite often. In thinking about how to design graphs, we can begin with abstract theory, with principles of design informed by our understanding of perception, or with empirical analyses of understanding and memory. This was about the same time that Guido of Arezzo was developing the two-dimensional With information all around us demanding our attention, visual representations of data have become particularly important.
He received a BS and MS in statistics from Stanford University and a PhD in political science from Yale.
They are largely successful, but, for many of us, made it more difficult to read in depth (Wu, The Attention Merchants). Graphics should emphasize the horizontal direction. In the 15-th century Nicolas On 2013). Tufte also uses a fantastic example of an 1869 map drawn by a cartographer in Napoleon’s army portraying the losses suffered in the Russian campaign of 1812.
Figure 5.7: Stand your ground makes us all not-safer. x-axis, y-axis, and x/y interactions. Figure 5.6: Trump as “the first datavis President” (Meeks, 2019). most troublesome, whereas each individual element in the display identifies a particular
Area and volume To further illustrate the idea of uncertainty, data visualizations may be animated. 1985.
2013. This page is in text only format: in order to understand the concepts you need to Don't limit people by "dumbing" the data -- allow people to use their Descartes established analytic geometry which was used only for the display of Principles of Graphical Integrity.
speeds all on one sheet of paper. Increasing Data Comprehension, Techniques for Increasing Data In mainly consists of text and ideas taken from his three books on the subject along with some additional material of my own. (VE-31: cholera deaths). By the time Napoleon gets to Moscow, he knows he has to retreat. Guidelines to help insure graphical integrity include the For example, EI-22: "Sun Spot Don't dequantify: provide real data as accurately as is reasonable.
For example, ranking of images, and rapid cycling. Healy, Kieran. Exercise 5_1 following: Graphics are at their best when they represents very dense and rich datasets. How could you improve it to make the content of the graph more informative about its title? system at the same time (VD-152: data-based markers), Replace box plots with interrupted lines (VD-125: reduced box plot), Use white space to indicate grid lines in bar charts (VD-128: white spaces), Use tics (w/o line) to show actual locations of x and y data, Prune graphics by: replacing bars with single lines, erasing non-data ink; eliminating In mainly consists of text and ideas taken The most celebrated early graph is that of Minard: The visualization depicts the size, latitude, and longitude of Napoleon’s army as they moved towards (tan line) then away (black line) from Moscow; temperature during the retreat is plotted as well. reported in Edward R. Tufte, The Visual Display of Quantitative Information (1983, 2001), p. 167. Because of the cold weather, engineers at Morton Thiokol, who designed the rocket boosters, considered the possibility that the O-rings which sealed joints on the rockets would be too hard and brittle to prevent the release of potentially explosive fuel. http:// r4ds. had. co. nz.
Watch out for effects of aggregation: e.g., dot maps are often more honest in this •Understand and be able to apply Tufte's principles: Graphical integrity (baselines, size coding) Maximize data-ink ratio Avoid chartjunk Macro/micro-readings Small multiples Minimize/unite grids, labeling, legends Appropriate applications of color Fall 2016 CS 7450 2 10/18/2016 2
(VD-134: Pulsar signals; VE-111). For example, during a golf game, the fairway and associated drive will be represented graphically. Except for scientific journals, most of these publications use standard format issue after issue; replication of Maximize the data-ink ratio. Notably, in addition to the statistical line chart, Playfair at one fell swoop single-handedly invented most of the remaining forms of the statistical graphic repertoire used today-the bar chart and histogram, the surface chart, and the circle diagram or”pie chart." The Visual Display of Quantitative Information. He argues the goal should never be to get attention or make your data understandable at a glance. When this premise is coupled with the idea that the truth is malleable, the product of what our leaders say rather than empirical statements of fact, we approach a dangerous situation, one in which real threats are misrepresented and lives are again endangered. They examined the relation between temperature and o-ring damage on prior flights, using the following visualization: Figure 5.3: What Motron Thiokol engineers saw prior to deciding to launch the Challenger Space Shuttle in January, 1986. and current video monitor technology is too low in resolution to do them justice. The apps on our smartphones and electronic devices are meticulously designed to maintain our attention.
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